中国中老年人失能状况公平性与影响因素

目的 分析中国50岁及以上中老年人失能状况和失能状况公平性,并探究中老年人失能状况不公平的主要影响因素。方法 利用全球老龄化与成人健康研究(Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health,SAGE)中国2007—2010年第一轮调查数据,计算集中指数和集中曲线,并对集中指数进行分解。结果 中国中老年人失能评估量表平均分为7.32,中老年男性平均分为6.37,女性平均分为8.21。中老年人失能状况集中指数为-0.190 9,中老年男性为-0.184 4,中老年女性为-0.196 1。对集中指数进行分解后,社会经济地位对中老年人失能状况不公平的贡献较高,包括经济水平、受教育程度和工作类型,贡献率分别为66.41%、16.45%和13.10%。与社会结构因素相比,中老年人吸烟、饮酒和身体活动情况等个人生活方式因素的贡献率较低。结论 中国存在中老年人失能状况不公平,较好的健康状况集中在经济水平较好的中老年人群中。中老年男性失能状况较女性更轻,且失能状况不公平程度更小。经济水平、受教育程度和工作类型是对中国中老年人失能状况不公平贡献率较高的主要因素,提示仅通过促进中老年人健康生活方式不能够有效减少失能状况在经济水平较好和较差的中老年人群中的差异。政府需要在重视促进中老年人健康的基础上,进一步加强和完善适宜的社会和医疗保障措施,将减少中老年人健康不公平作为政策重点,尤其应该向发展相对滞后、中老年人相对聚集的地区重点分配医疗卫生和其他相关社会资源,同时应该加大对中老年人健康和健康公平相关研究的支持,为积极应对人口老龄化和制定政策收集证据。     

全面统筹 科学发展——完善神木医改的几点建议

以学者的视角来审视神木医改现象,并为完善神木医改提出几点建议,设计有效的救济制度;加强健康教育和健康促进;提高传染病和突发公共卫生事件的预防能力;加强慢性病和生活方式疾病的防控;加大职业卫生的投入和改善;关注弱势人群;重视环境保护和可持续发展;继续提高卫生领域专业人员的素质等。将神木县通过医改所展现的为政为民的现实做法展示给大家,把和谐的场景呈现给社会。     

A systematic review of the effectiveness of whole‐of‐community interventions by socioeconomic position

Whole‐of‐community (WOC) interventions have led to modest reductions in population weight gain. Whether they exhibit differential effectiveness by socioeconomic position (SEP) remains unknown. We aimed to summarize evidence of differential effectiveness of WOC interventions by SEP. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched to identify studies that evaluated the effectiveness of a WOC intervention on behavioural change measures, energy balance behaviours and/or anthropometric outcomes according to any measure of SEP. Interventions were assessed for the following characteristics: structural changes to the environment, number of settings the intervention acted in, presence of community engagement and whether equity was considered in its design. Ten studies were included. Nine reported a greater or equal effect among low SEP groups compared with high SEP groups. These studies commonly featured interventions that incorporated structural changes to the environment, acted across more than three settings and/or employed community engagement. Conclusions did not change when excluding low‐quality studies (n = 4). WOC interventions represent an effective and equitable approach for the reduction of population weight. Structural components, a larger number of settings and community engagement were common in equitable WOC interventions and should be considered in the design of future WOC interventions.     

B2C药品交易市场中的平台服务定价研究

目的:探讨不同类型B2C药品交易平台的服务定价问题及影响因素,为网络医药零售实现高效运营提供参考。方法:以双边市场为理论基础,结合互联网交易服务的特点,构建联营模式以及自营+联营模式两类B2C药品交易平台的服务定价模型,探讨分成比例、搜索匹配度、选择自营消费者比例对平台服务定价的影响,并利用层次分析法等进行实证验证。结果:成功构建了联营模式以及自营+联营模式两类B2C药品交易平台的服务定价模型;确定了分成比例、搜索匹配度对平台服务定价(供应商)分别呈逆向作用和正向作用,在自营+联营模式药品交易平台中,当选择平台自营的消费者比例过高时,平台将会降低供应商的注册费,当选择平台自营的消费者比例过低时,平台将会提高供应商的注册费;实证验证中采用层次分析法确定自营消费者比例为0.648,在此条件下对两类运营模式的定价模型进行比较,与上述结果一致;同时,自营+联营模式的服务定价整体上总是低于联营模式。结论:无论是联营模式还是自营+联营模式的平台,可设置不同的注册费与广告收入分成比例,实行差异化定价;也可通过增加更多专业咨询服务,脱离同质化竞争,增加用户黏度,提高平台搜索匹配度;对于自营+联营模式的平台,需要控制好自营与联营的比例,实现平台的健康有效运营。     

Horizontal equity and efficiency at primary health care facilities in rural Afghanistan: A seemingly unrelated regression approach

Producing services efficiently and equitably are important goals for health systems. Many countries pursue horizontal equity – providing people with the same illnesses equal access to health services – by locating facilities in remote areas. Staff are often paid incentives to work at such facilities. However, there is little evidence on how many fewer people are treated at remote facilities than facilities in more densely settled areas. This research explores if there is an association between the efficiency of health centers in Afghanistan and the remoteness of their location.Survey teams collected data on facility level inputs and outputs at a stratified random sample of 579 health centers in 2005. Quality of care was measured by observing staff interact with patients and determining if staff completed a set of normative patient care tasks. We used seemingly unrelated regression to determine if facilities in remote areas have fewer outpatient visits than other rural facilities. In this analysis, one equation compares the number of outpatient visits to facility inputs, while another compares quality of care to determinants of quality.The results indicate remote facilities have about 13% fewer outpatient visits than non-remote facilities, holding inputs constant. Our analysis suggests that facilities in remote areas are realizing horizontal equity since their clients are receiving comparable quality of care to those at non-remote facilities. However, we find the average labor cost for a visit at a remote facility is $1.44, but only $0.97 at other rural facilities, indicating that a visit in a remote facility would have to be ‘worth’ 1.49 times a visit at a rural facility for there to be no equity – efficiency trade-off. In determining where to build or staff health centers, this loss of efficiency may be offset by progress toward a social policy objective of providing services to disadvantaged rural populations.     

基本医疗保险定点零售药店的配置公平性分析——以深圳市为例

目的:探究深圳市医保定点零售药店的公平性及分布特征的变化,为进一步优化医保零售药店资源配置的公平性提供思路。方法:运用基尼系数、洛伦兹曲线和集聚度等方法衡量深圳市医保零售药店的公平性,再通过地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)技术将其布局可视化,分析其空间差异。结果:深圳市医保定点零售药店数量均呈现增长的趋势,基尼系数显示公平性也有所优化,但按地理面积分布的集聚度在深圳市各区之间差异较大。最近邻指数均小于1,医保定点零售药店分布模式属典型的聚集模式。医保定点零售药店从"南多北少"到逐渐呈现多中心发展的空间格局。结论:深圳市医保零售药店集聚水平存在区域差异,应以需要和需求相结合为依据优化医保定点零售药店的配置。     

2005-2013年武汉市医疗资源配置公平性研究

目的：分析武汉市卫生资源配置的公平性,为优化区域卫生资源配置提供依据。方法采用基尼系数和泰尔指数分析2005年、2009年和2013年度武汉市各区床位、卫生技术人员等指标的公平性。结果武汉市卫生资源人口维度的基尼系数在0.3~0.4之间,且呈上升趋势;卫生资源的总泰尔指数在0.06~0.14之间,呈上升趋势且区域间泰尔指数远大于区域内泰尔指数。结论武汉市卫生资源配置的公平性出现一定程度的恶化,建议采取多种手段提高资源配置的公平性。     

基于医疗保险限价制度下医用耗材的相关研究

通过基线调查,了解内江市主要三甲医院医用耗材管理现状,在此基础上,分析医用耗材管理上存在的问题,针对主要问题,找到医用耗材规范化管理的突破口,提出从机制创新、评价标准、医保限价、名称标准化等几个方面,完善医用耗材的管理。